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Gustav (pigeon)
Gustav, also known as NPS.42.31066, was a pigeon of the RAF pigeon service. He was awarded the Dickin Medal, also known as the animal's Victoria Cross, for bringing the first report of the Normandy landings to the British mainland during the Second World War.
==Military service==
Gustav was a grizzle colored cock pigeon trained by Frederick Jackson of Cosham, Hampshire.〔 In his military service, he was also known by his service number NPS.42.31066.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.faircountclub.com/faq_worldwar.htm )〕 His early missions saw him carrying messages out of occupied Belgium for the resistance.
On 6 June 1944 Gustav was on–board an Allied Landing Ship Tank (LST),〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/northernireland/yourplaceandmine/topics/war/dday_news.shtml )〕 having become one of six pigeons given by the RAF to Reuters news correspondent Montague Taylor. Following the Normandy landings, Gustav was released by Taylor to send news back to the UK with the message, "We are just 20 miles or so off the beaches. First assault troops landed 0750. Signal says no interference from enemy gunfire on beach... Steaming steadily in formation. Lightnings, Typhoons, Fortresses crossing since 0545. No enemy aircraft seen."〔 Gustav traveled the to his loft at RAF Thorney Island in five hours and sixteen minutes, while facing a headwind of up to ,〔 where his handler Sgt Harry Halsey received him.〔 Gustav's message was the first word of the invasion to reach the British mainland, due to the fleet undergoing radio silence at the time.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.raf.mod.uk/dday/timeline_june.html )〕 Later that day, fellow pigeon Paddy became the first pigeon released to return to the British mainland with news of success of the landings.〔
For this act, he was awarded the Dickin Medal for bravery, considered to be the animal equivalent of the Victoria Cross.〔 He was presented with his medal on 27 November 1944, by Mrs A. V. Alexander, the wife of the First Lord of the Admiralty.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.britishpathe.com/record.php?id=23515 )〕 The citation for his Dickin Medal read, "For delivering the first message from the Normandy beaches from a ship off the beachhead while serving with the RAF on June 6 1944." He was one of thirty two pigeons awarded the medal who carried messages during the Second World War.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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